Lithuanian grammar
Lithuanian grammar has a reputation, and the tables show where it comes from: seven cases, five noun declensions, adjectives that agree with their noun in gender, number and case, and verbs that fall into three present-tense classes. Here each part is a free reference chart — every case, the noun and adjective declension, each tense and mood, the pronouns, the prepositions with the cases they take, the question words and the numbers — and three printable cheat sheets put the essentials on one page.
Every chart shows the grammar on real words, from vyras and knyga to dirbti and skaityti, built from the same rules and word forms the drills use, so a chart never disagrees with an exercise. The charts are written for learners from A1 up to the state language exam (A2): start with a cheat sheet, then open the chart for the case or tense you are stuck on. Tap a Lithuanian word in a table to hear it, print a chart or save its picture, and practise its forms in real sentences.
cheat sheets — the essentials on one page
- Lithuanian grammar cheat sheet: the essentials on one page · level A1 — Lithuanian grammar on one printable page: the seven cases, all noun endings, prepositions by case, pronouns, a verb in every tense and numbers. · practise Grammar cheat sheet
- Lithuanian verb conjugation cheat sheet: every tense on one page · level A1 — Three Lithuanian verbs — dirbti, mylėti, skaityti — in every tense and mood, plus the present and past endings by class. Hear each form, practise it. · practise Verbs cheat sheet
- Lithuanian nouns, adjectives and pronouns: cheat sheet · level A1 — Lithuanian noun endings of every declension, the three adjective types, personal and demonstrative pronouns, and du, dvi, trys — on one printable page. · practise Nouns cheat sheet
cases
- Lithuanian cases: all seven case endings in one chart · level A1 — The seven Lithuanian cases with their questions, and the noun endings of every declension, singular and plural, each on an example word. Then practise. · practise Case endings
- The nominative case in Lithuanian (vardininkas) · level A1 — The Lithuanian nominative (vardininkas), the subject and dictionary form, in every declension, singular and plural. Tap a form to hear it and practise.
- The genitive case in Lithuanian (kilmininkas) · level A1 — Lithuanian genitive (kilmininkas) endings in every declension, the prepositions that take it, and why a negated object turns genitive. Hear every form. · practise Genitive case
- The dative case in Lithuanian (naudininkas) · level A1 — Lithuanian dative (naudininkas) endings in every declension, plus man šalta, man patinka and the verbs that take the dative. Tap a word to hear it. · practise Dative case
- The accusative case in Lithuanian (galininkas) · level A1 — Lithuanian accusative (galininkas) endings in every declension, the prepositions that take it, and time words like pirmadienį. Hear and practise each form. · practise Accusative case
- The instrumental case in Lithuanian (įnagininkas) · level A2 — Lithuanian instrumental (įnagininkas) endings in every declension: tools, transport, jobs, su + instrumental and the verbs that need it. Hear every form. · practise Instrumental case
- The locative case in Lithuanian (vietininkas) · level A1 — Lithuanian locative (vietininkas) endings in every declension — Vilniuje, knygoje, name — for saying where, with no preposition. Hear every form. · practise Locative case
- The vocative case in Lithuanian (šauksmininkas) · level A2 — Lithuanian vocative (šauksmininkas) endings in every declension — Jonai!, mama!, drauge! — and the commas around a direct address. Tap a form to hear it. · practise Vocative case
nouns and adjectives
- Lithuanian noun declension: the five declensions in full · level A1 — Case tables for all five Lithuanian noun declensions — vyras, brolis, knyga, upė, pilis, sūnus, akmuo — singular and plural. Hear and practise every form. · practise Noun declension
- Lithuanian adjective declension · level A2 — Lithuanian adjective endings for naujas, didelis and gražus — masculine and feminine, singular and plural, in every case — plus comparison. Hear each form. · practise Adjective declension
verbs
- The Lithuanian present tense · level A1 — Lithuanian present tense endings for the three verb classes — dirba, myli, skaito — in every person, plus reflexive -si verbs and ne-. Hear each form. · practise Present tense
- The Lithuanian past tense · level A2 — Lithuanian past tense endings for -o and -ė verbs (dirbo, skaitė) in every person, plus the -davo past for habits. Tap to hear each form, then practise. · practise Past tense
- The Lithuanian future tense · level A2 — Lithuanian future tense endings -siu, -si, -s, -sime, -site on dirbti, mylėti and skaityti, and what happens to stems in s, š, z, ž. Hear every form. · practise Future tense
- The Lithuanian imperative and conditional · level A2 — Lithuanian imperative (-k, -kime, -kite) and conditional (-čiau, -tum, -tų) endings on dirbti, mylėti and skaityti, plus jei clauses. Hear each form. · practise Imperative and conditional
pronouns, prepositions, questions and numbers
- Lithuanian pronouns in every case · level A1 — Lithuanian personal pronouns (aš, tu, jis, ji, mes, jūs, jie, jos) and tas, šis in every case, plus mano, savo and the polite jūs. Tap a word to hear it. · practise Pronouns
- Lithuanian prepositions and the cases they take · level A1 — Lithuanian prepositions grouped by case — genitive, accusative, instrumental — with meanings, examples and levels, plus po and už. Tap a word to hear it. · practise Prepositions
- Lithuanian question words · level A1 — Every Lithuanian question word — kas, ko, kam, ką, kuo, kur, kada, kaip, kiek — with its meaning, the case its answer takes, and its answer word.
- Lithuanian numbers · level A1 — Lithuanian numbers from nulis to tūkstantis — cardinal and ordinal, both genders — the case after a number, du/dvi/trys and the time. Hear every word. · practise Numbers
practise and prepare
questions
How many cases does Lithuanian have?
Seven: the nominative (vardininkas), genitive (kilmininkas), dative (naudininkas), accusative (galininkas), instrumental (įnagininkas), locative (vietininkas) and vocative (šauksmininkas). Nouns, adjectives and pronouns change their endings from case to case — the cases chart shows the endings of every noun declension.
How many noun declensions does Lithuanian have?
Five, told apart by the nominative and the genitive singular: vyras and brolis (I), knyga and upė (II), pilis with the genitive pilies (III), sūnus (IV) and akmuo (V). The noun declension chart declines each of them in full.
How many tenses does Lithuanian have?
Four simple tenses in the indicative — the present, the past, the frequentative past (-davo, 'used to') and the future — plus the conditional and the imperative mood. The verbs cheat sheet shows all six on dirbti, mylėti and skaityti.
Does Lithuanian have a neuter gender?
Not for nouns, which are masculine or feminine. An adjective, though, has a third form with no gender and no number, for when there is no noun to agree with — the weather, a feeling, a verdict: Šiandien šalta (it is cold today), Kaip įdomu! (how interesting!).
Where should a beginner start?
With the grammar cheat sheet: every case in one table, the prepositions by case, the personal pronouns, one verb in every tense and the numbers. Then the cases chart and the present tense.
Can I print these charts or share them?
Yes. Every chart prints from its page, and its picture is free to share and adapt under CC BY 4.0, with a credit and a link to wspell.