Spanish grammar

cheat sheets — the essentials on one page

• Spanish grammar cheat sheet: the essentials on one page · level A1 — Spanish grammar on one printable page: verb endings in six tenses, ser and estar, the personal pronouns, the articles, por vs para and the numbers 0–29.

nouns and adjectives

• Spanish articles, noun gender and plurals · level A1 — Spanish articles chart: el, la, los, las, un, una, unos, unas, the gender rules for nouns, how plurals are formed and how adjectives agree.

verbs

• Spanish verb conjugation chart · level A1 — Spanish verb conjugation tables: hablar, comer, vivir, ser, estar, ir, tener, hacer and poder in the main tenses, person by person, endings marked.
• The Spanish present tense · level A1 — Spanish present tense chart: -ar, -er and -ir endings, stem-changing verbs (quiero, puedo, pido) and ser, estar, ir, tener and hacer, person by person.
• Preterite vs imperfect: the Spanish past tenses · level A2 — Preterite vs imperfect in Spanish: when to use each, with examples, and both tenses on regular and irregular verbs. Plus the present perfect: he hablado.
• The Spanish future and conditional · level A2 — Spanish future and conditional charts: the endings on the infinitive, the irregular stems (tendr-, har-, podr-) and the everyday ir a + infinitive.
• The Spanish subjunctive · level B1 — Spanish present subjunctive chart: the endings, verbs formed from the yo form (tenga, haga, pida), the six irregulars and the phrases that call for it.
• Spanish commands: the imperative · level A2 — Spanish commands chart: affirmative and negative commands for tú, usted, nosotros, vosotros and ustedes, the irregular tú forms and where pronouns go.
• Ser vs estar: when to use each · level A1 — Ser vs estar chart: what each verb is used for, an example of every use, both verbs conjugated, and the adjectives that change meaning (listo, rico, malo).

pronouns, prepositions and numbers

• Spanish pronouns chart · level A1 — Spanish pronouns chart: subject, direct and indirect object, reflexive and prepositional pronouns in one table, where they go, and why le lo is se lo.
• Spanish possessives and demonstratives · level A1 — Spanish possessive adjectives (mi, tu, su, nuestro) and demonstratives (este, ese, aquel) in every gender and number, plus the long forms mío, tuyo, suyo.
• Por vs para · level A2 — Por vs para chart: the main uses with an example — cause, exchange, duration, route; purpose, destination, deadline, recipient — and everyday prepositions.
• Spanish numbers · level A1 — Spanish numbers chart: 0 to 29, the tens, cien and ciento, the hundreds and mil, the ordinals primero to décimo, and the rules for un, una and y.

practise and prepare

• Learn Spanish online
• The DELE Spanish exam, A2 to B2: structure, scoring and practice

questions

Which Spanish grammar should I learn first?

The present tense of regular verbs, ser and estar, the articles and the gender of nouns, and the personal pronouns. The present perfect (he hablado), the preterite, the imperfect, commands and the future come next, and the present subjunctive after them.

Do I need to learn vosotros?

For Spain, yes: in most of Spain vosotros is the informal plural 'you', with its own verb forms (habláis, comisteis). In Latin America ustedes is used for every plural 'you' and takes the same verb form as ellos.

Can I use these charts in my own teaching material?

Yes. The chart pictures are free to share and adapt under CC BY 4.0, with a credit and a link to wspell.